Quantifying “Softer” Benefits from Modularization in Capital Projects: Literature Review

Abstract

The surge in modular construction’s prevalence has prompted a revaluation of its benefits in capital projects. While previous studies excel in quantifying cost and schedule advantages, criticisms have emerged due to their oversight of softer benefits. Safety, improved quality, standardization, risk mitigation, reduced site footprint, and environmental and social gains are often neglected due to their intangibility. The existing literature focuses on the tangible benefits, leaving a critical gap in understanding these subtler advantages. To address this gap, this study proposes a qualitative framework and methods to systematically assess and assign value to these softer benefits, drawing insights from past research, industry reports, and case studies. The research aims to develop a framework to quantify the softer benefits, facilitating a more accurate comparison between modular and stick-built project options. The methodology involves utilizing secondary data on safety metrics, quality, and case studies from published journals and reports. This research provides valuable insights into refining the theoretical framework, enriching scholarly discussions, and establishing a robust foundation for future studies. The research aids industry practitioners by offering a structured approach to include softer benefits in modularization decisions, potentially promoting wider adoption of modular construction through a holistic understanding of its overall value.